With a projected shortfall of approximately 4,230 FTEs by 2037, according to the Health Resources and Services Administration, the pathology workforce faces a growing imbalance that could disrupt diagnostic precision and patient care.
There are over 16,200 pathologists in the United States, with high concentrations practicing in California, New York, and Texas.
As the population ages, there is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and cancer, which often require pathological diagnosis and monitoring.
The rise in cancer and Alzheimer's cases will drive a greater demand for pathologists who are essential for diagnosing cancer and supporting research on neurodegenerative diseases.
The demand for pathologists continues to outpace supply, partly due to the limited number of residency positions. Despite a 99.5% match rate, the number of positions offered in 2025 decreased by 6 positions, according to the National Resident Match Program.
Without an increase in pathology residency positions, the pipeline of incoming pathologists will be insufficient to replace those retiring within the next decade.
AI is transforming laboratory diagnostics by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and speed—helping to bridge the widening gap created by the shortage of pathologists.
AI is not a replacement for pathologists but serves as a collaborative tool that enhances their capabilities. As workforce pressures grow, AI can help mitigate the impact of increased workloads while maintaining high diagnostic standards.
Utilizing locum tenens pathologists can be an essential strategy for maintaining uninterrupted pathology services and ensuring timely diagnosis.
Locum tenens pathologists provide a reliable way to maintain dependable diagnostic services while reinforcing long-term staffing stability.
Within the U.S., there are 16,200 pathologists.
Projections from HRSA estimate that by 2037, the U.S. could see a shortage of approximately 4,230 pathology FTEs.
The shortage of pathologists is driven by a combination of factors, including burnout, limited residency positions, an aging population, and other additional drivers.